Following cephalic venous cutdown, an unexpected preclavicular course was used in two cases for a pacemaker and a defibrillator lead implantation. This very rare anomaly was documented by cephalic venogram but did not cause any significant intraoperative difficulty during single lead implantation.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2007.00593.xDOI Listing

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