This review deals with the analysis of the modern literature concerning molecular mechanisms of secretory activity of gastric mucosa cells and their importance during development of different pathologies. Gastric acid secretion is regulated by paracrine, endocrine and neural systems. The result of these systems functioning at the molecular level is signal transduction pathways activation by histamine, acetylcholine, gastrin and other mediators. Coupling of these agents with specific receptors located on the basolateral plasma membrane of parietal cells modulates acid secretion. It was shown that protein phosphorylation enzymes play the significant role in realization of functional and proliferative activity of the stomach secretory cells in physiological and pathological states. The key role of tyrosine protein kinases associated with growth factors is considered, which take part in regulation of acid secretion, have trophic influence on mucosa cells, protect it from acute injuries, stimulate cell proliferation and accelerate ulcer healing.
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