The rheology of a reversible supramolecular polymer is studied by comparing the effects of an increase in temperature and the addition of chain stoppers. The dependence of the zero-shear viscosity and the terminal relaxation time on temperature is exponential, and the activation energy for viscous flow can be calculated. Above a critical stopper fraction, power laws describe the stopper dependence of the viscosity and relaxation time. A simple model for the effect of the addition of chain stoppers on the average degree of polymerization adequately describes the results. A comparison of flow curves at several temperatures and stopper fractions reveals considerable differences between solutions with the same zero-shear viscosity. These are mainly associated with differences in the terminal relaxation time. A mechanism of shear-induced alignment and subsequent elongation of chains is proposed, with which the experimental results are consistent.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2409296 | DOI Listing |
Nanoscale
October 2024
School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
This paper reports synthesis, aqueous self-assembly and relevance of the pH-triggered activable photodynamic therapy of amphiphilic polyurethane (P1S) functionalized with a heavy-atom free organic photosensitizer. Condensation polymerization between 1,4-diisocyanatobutane and two different dihydroxy monomers (one having a pendant hydrophilic wedge and the other having 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-one with a reactive carbonyl group) in the presence of a measured amount of ()-2-methylbutan-1-ol (chain-stopper) and DABCO catalyst produces a reactive pre-polymer P1. Hydrazide-functionalized thionated-naphthalenemonoimide (NMIS), which acts as a photosensitizer, reacted with the carbonyl-functionality of P1 to obtain the desired polymer-photosensitizer conjugate P1S in which the dye was attached to the polymer backbone an acid-labile hydrazone linker.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
August 2024
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
For a plastic syringe, a stopper at the end of plunger is usually made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, and co-ingredients). To reduce friction and prevent leakage between the stopper and barrel, short chain polymer of liquid PDMS is also used as lubricant. Consequently, an injection process can release solid PDMS debris from the stopper and barrel, and liquid PDMS droplets from the lubricant, both of which are confirmed herein as solid and liquid micro(nano)plastics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
March 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
RSC Adv
January 2024
Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
Cyclodextrin (CD)-based polyrotaxanes (PRXs) are supramolecular polymers comprising multiple CDs mechanically interlocked onto a linear polymer chain by capping the polymer ends with bulky stoppers. Among various PRX derivatives, propionylated PRXs (Pr-PRXs) composed of propionylated α-CD and high molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) form self-assembled nanoparticles in aqueous solution through hydrophobic interactions. Although Pr-PRX nanoparticles can encapsulate hydrophobic drugs in their hydrophobic domains, their release rate is limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2024
Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University. 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
A strong, tough, and stable adhesion system used in various environments must be developed. A long-lasting adhesion system should effectively perform in the following five aspects: adhesion strength, toughness, energy dissipation property, self-restoration property, and creep resistance property. However, these properties are difficult to balance using conventional adhesives.
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