In several countries, low-level radioactive wastes are treated and stored awaiting construction and operation of a final repository. In some cases, interim storage may be extended for decades requiring special attention regarding security issues. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommends segregation of wastes that may be exempted from interim storage or ultimate disposal. The paper presents a method to optimize the decision making process regarding exemption vs. interim storage or ultimate disposal of these wastes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.HP.0000252818.20697.1b | DOI Listing |
Clin Transl Med
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Background: Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder due to a deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-gal A) activity. Our goal was to correct the enzyme deficiency in Fabry patients by transferring the cDNA for α-gal A into their CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Overexpression of α-gal A leads to secretion of the hydrolase; which can be taken up and used by uncorrected bystander cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Radioact
December 2024
Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8 Kitaku, Sapporo, 0608628, Japan.
After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, municipal solid waste (MSW) contaminated with radiocesium was generated. In Japan, approximately 80% of MSW by weight has been incinerated. As consequence, radiocesium was retained in incineration residue after the accident.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
November 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
Natural gas (NG) is expected to provide a substantial portion of electricity generation in many jurisdictions for the foreseeable future. Postcombustion carbon capture and storage (CCS) effectively abates direct CO emissions; however, indirect NG supply chain emissions in most jurisdictions are incompatible with climate change mitigation goals. This life cycle assessment evaluates specific opportunities to reduce the carbon footprint of combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) generation with CCS using existing low-emission NG production practices, technologies, and processes combined with emerging CCS techniques to achieve high CO capture rates and mitigate startup emissions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
November 2024
Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
Insufficient inventory control arising from inadequate monitoring procedures can lead to vulnerabilities in nuclear security. In addition, insider threats, by either malicious intent or negligence, can pose a substantial risk by exploiting such deficiencies to perform unlawful actions, such as theft or diversion, which may lead to compromised nuclear security. Interim storage barrels, intended for temporary containment of low-density nuclear waste, require special attention in this regard.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
November 2024
Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
This paper reports on the development of a method for enhanced non-destructive assay (NDA) of radioactive waste using the novel technique neutron-gamma emission tomography (NGET). The technique relies on the detection of correlated fast neutrons and gamma rays emitted in spontaneous or induced fission. It is based on fast organic scintillators and enables sensitive detection and three-dimensional (3D) localization of the fission events.
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