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Three in four children age 12-23 months missed opportunities for vaccination in Sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel mixed effect analysis of demographic health and surveys 2016-2023.
BMC Public Health
January 2025
Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Background: Despite vaccination being the most cost-effective means to prevent disease and its adverse consequences, missing opportunities for vaccination remains a critical public health challenge. Many SSA countries still couldn't reach the target endorsed by the Global Vaccine Action Plan. Identifying contributing factors helps policymakers and planners to design potential interventions to avert missing opportunities for vaccination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChest computed tomography (CT) is essential for diagnosing and monitoring thoracic aortic dilations and aneurysms, conditions that place patients at risk of complications such as aortic dissection and rupture. However, aortic measurements in chest CT radiology reports are often embedded in free-text formats, limiting their accessibility for clinical care, quality improvement and research purposes. In this study, we developed a multi-method pipeline to extract structured aortic measurements from radiology reports, and compared the performance of fine-tuned BERT-based models with instruction-tuned Llama large language models (LLMs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparing Single-Hospital and National Models to Predict 30-Day Inpatient Mortality.
J Gen Intern Med
January 2025
VA Palo Alto Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Background: Advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have facilitated the creation of mortality prediction models which are increasingly used to assess quality of care and inform clinical practice. One open question is whether a hospital should utilize a mortality model trained from a diverse nationwide dataset or use a model developed primarily from their local hospital data.
Objective: To compare performance of a single-hospital, 30-day all-cause mortality model against an established national benchmark on the task of mortality prediction.
A modeling study to define guidelines for antigen screening in schools and workplaces to mitigate COVID-19 outbreaks.
Commun Med (Lond)
January 2025
International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- In-person interactions are crucial, but effectively identifying COVID-19 infections through screening can help ensure safety in schools and workplaces during outbreaks.
- The study uses simulations to evaluate different screening strategies with antigen tests, focusing on how many infected individuals are detected based on factors such as test frequency and sensitivity.
- Results indicate that early and frequent testing significantly improves infection detection rates, with high sensitivity tests yielding the best outcomes, ultimately supporting a safe return to in-person activities.
Feasibility of introducing integrated disease surveillance and response into curricula of public health training institutions in Sierra Leone: the process and lessons learnt.
Front Public Health
January 2025
World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
Introduction: Response to public health emergencies is a big challenge in African countries due to inadequate workforce. Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) is a strategy implemented by African member states of WHO to strengthen capacity for disease surveillance and response at all levels. Despite successful implementation of IDSR in most countries, one of the challenges that persists is that of inadequate trained workforce competent enough for public health surveillance.
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