We present and characterize a very efficient optical device that employs the plasma mirror technique to increase the contrast of high-power laser systems. Contrast improvements higher than 10(4) with 50% transmission are shown to be routinely achieved on a typical 10 TW laser system when the pulse is reflected on two consecutive plasma mirrors. Used at the end of the laser system, this double plasma mirror preserves the spatial profile of the initial beam, is unaffected by shot-to-shot fluctuations, and is suitable for most high peak power laser systems. We use the generation of high-order harmonics as an effective test for the contrast improvement produced by the double plasma mirrors.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.32.000310 | DOI Listing |
Brain Sci
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
: HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) remains a prevalent issue among people with HIV (PWH) despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART). The pathogenesis of HIV-associated NCI is linked to chronic neuroinflammation caused by HIV, even in those with successful viral suppression. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), a protein involved in inflammatory and metabolic stress responses, has emerged as a key player and potential biomarker for various neurological conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Drug Metab
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Deverakeggahalli, Kanakapura Road, Ramanagara Distt, Karnataka, 562112, India.
Background: Hypertension, which affects 1.28 billion people globally aged 30 to 79, is characterized by continuously high blood pressure (140/90 or more) and raises the risk of premature death. Losartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), is suggested for patients under the age of 55 who cannot take ACE inhibitors as a first treatment option.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin J Am Soc Nephrol
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Background: Mitochondria-driven oxidative/redox stress and inflammation play a major role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathophysiology. Compounds targeting mitochondrial metabolism may improve mitochondrial function, inflammation, and redox stress; however, there is limited evidence of their efficacy in CKD.
Methods: We conducted a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial comparing the effects of 1200 mg/day of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or 1000 mg/day of nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation to placebo in 25 people with moderate-to-severe CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60mL/min/1.
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Importance: Understanding the interplay between diabetes risk factors and diabetes development is important to develop individual, practice, and population-level prevention strategies.
Objective: To evaluate the progression from normal and impaired fasting glucose levels to diabetes among adults.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective community-based cohort study used data from the Rochester Epidemiology Project, in Olmsted County, Minnesota, on 44 992 individuals with at least 2 fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measurements from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2017.
JACC Clin Electrophysiol
January 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. Electronic address:
Background: Calcium-mediated autonomic denervation has been shown to suppress postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Objectives: This study sought to evaluate whether similar autonomic denervation can prevent POAF after mitral or aortic valve surgeries.
Methods: This research consisted of 2 single-center, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trials: CAP-AF2 (Calcium Autonomic Denervation Prevents Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Isolated Mitral Valve Surgery for Mitral Regurgitation) for mitral valve (MV) surgery and CAP-AF3 (Calcium Autonomic Denervation Prevents Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Isolated Aortic Valve Surgery) for aortic valve surgery.
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