Regulation of myelin basic protein gene transcription in normal and shiverer mutant mice.

We describe the measurement of myelin basic protein gene transcription rate, and of the accumulation of both mature mRNA and total transcripts from the myelin basic protein gene in brains from mice of wild-type and homozygous shiverer genotypes at several ages spanning postnatal development. In wild-type brains the accumulation of total transcripts as well as mature mRNA, and the transcription rate, all follow the same general pattern of rising sharply from a low level at birth to a peak at 20 days, and continuing at a somewhat reduced level into adulthood. Thus a major factor in the developmental regulation of myelin basic protein expression is the control of transcription rate. The shiverer mutation consists of a deletion of the 3' end of the myelin basic protein gene which completely prevents production of mature mRNA and protein, and results in severe dysmyelination and a trembling behavior. In shiverer brains, the transcription rates for the intact 5' end of the gene follow closely those seen in wild-type animals up to the age at which maximal myelination normally occurs. Total myelin basic protein transcripts follow a similar profile but at less than 5% the level seen in wild-type, and, as expected, no mature mRNA is detected. Thus the shiverer deletion does not remove information required for efficient, developmentally regulated transcription, and the low level of myelin basic protein gene transcripts in this mutant must be a result of their reduced stability. A higher than normal myelin basic protein gene transcription rate in older shiverer animals raises interesting questions regarding the regulatory mechanisms controlling myelinogenesis.