[Colorectal cancer surgery. Analysis of risk factors in relation to incidence of morbidity and mortality].

The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors in relation to the incidence of morbidity and mortality in surgery for colorectal cancer. Between 1986-2005, 328 patients underwent colorectal cancer surgery, 308 of whom (93.9%) in elective and 20 (6.1%) in emergency surgery. Radical resection was performed in 276 (84.2%) and palliative surgery in 52 (15.8%) patients. Bivariate statistical analysis was used for morbidity and mortality factors and multivariate analysis was performed in order to find independent variables (age, gender, ASA grade, elective or emergency surgery, tumour excision, cancer stage according to Dukes) associated with dependent variable interactions. Differences were considered statistically significant for p values < 0.05. The incidences of mortality and morbidity were 0.91% and 20.1%, respectively. In our study we observed a leakage incidence of 2.74% (9/328). In emergency surgery we found morbidity and mortality rates of 20% and 10%, respectively. Age and advanced cancer stage influenced results but were not found to be statistically significant. 18.3% of patients (60/328) were ASA I, 32% (105/328) ASA II, 39.6% (130/328) ASA III and 10.1% (33/328) ASA IV. Among the independent variables observed in the multivariate analysis, ASA grade was found to be the only positive predictive factor correlated with morbidity. Logistic regression showed an exponential increase in operative risk: odds ratio (OR) 2.9 in ASA I vs ASA II, OR 4.2 in ASA I vs ASA Ill, OR 10.3 in ASA I vs ASA IV (95% confidence interval). As regards the mortality rate, none of the independent variables were found to be statistically significant risk factors (p < 0.05).