The study group was derived from the archival materials of 48 invasive intraductal breast cancer patients who had undergone partial mastectomy/ axillary dissection. All patients included in the study had clinically T1-2N0M0 invasive ductal carcinoma. To detect HER-2/neu status, fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed using a HER-2/neu locus-specific probe. Signals were counted and patients were classified in three groups according to signal ratios: signal ratio <2, group 1 (n=31); signal ratio 2-4, group 2 (n=11); signal ratio >4, group 3 (n=6). Ratios of axillary metastatic lymph nodes to dissected total lymph nodes were 17%, 23% and 83% in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively (P=0.003). The number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes, and the ratio of microscopic metastatic lymph nodes were highest in group 3 (P=0.001 and P=0.008, respectively). No significant difference was observed between groups for distant metastasis in a 5-year follow-up period. Signal ratios decreased with estrogen receptor expression (P=0.03). Histopathologically, an irregular growth pattern of the tumor was observed in 100% of the patients in group 3, and in 54% and 60% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P=0.04). Lymphovascular invasion of the tumor was significantly higher in group 3 compared to the other two groups (P=0.01). The extensive intraductal component ratio was the highest in group 3 (P=0.04). The appearance of desmoplastic reaction and lymphocyte infiltration did not show significant difference between the groups. Our results show that HER-2/neu signal ratio increases with lymphovascular invasion, an extensive intraductal component, irregular growth pattern and axillary metastasis in clinically T1-2N0M0 invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
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Viruses
December 2024
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in multiple animal species, including white-tailed deer (WTD), raising concerns about zoonotic transmission, particularly in environments with frequent human interactions. To understand how human exposure influences SARS-CoV-2 infection in WTD, we compared infection and exposure prevalence between farmed and free-ranging deer populations in Florida. We also examined the timing and viral variants in WTD relative to those in Florida's human population.
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November 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Robust CD8 T cell responses are critical for the control of HIV infection in both adults and children. Our understanding of the mechanisms driving these responses is based largely on studies of cells circulating in peripheral blood in adults, but the regulation of CD8 T cell responses in tissue sites is poorly understood, particularly in pediatric infections. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that regulates gene transcription.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
December 2024
Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Background/objectives: The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a multifunctional receptor proposed as a possible drug target for inflammatory bowel disease. We showed previously that CaSR inhibition with NPS 2143, a negative allosteric modulator of the CaSR, somewhat ameliorated the symptoms of chemically induced severe colitis in mice. However, it was unclear whether the potential of CaSR inhibition to reduce colitis may have been overshadowed by the severity of the induced inflammation in our previous study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
December 2024
Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Background/objective: Ultraviolet (UV) B radiation leads to DNA damage by generating cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). UVB-induced CPDs can also result in immune suppression, which is a major risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). UVB-induced CPDs are repaired by nucleotide repair mechanisms (NER) mediated by xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathogens
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Disease monitoring informs the opportunities for intervention by natural resource agencies tasked with managing chronic wasting disease (CWD) in wild cervids. However, allocating funds toward testing can reduce those available for education, outreach, and disease reduction. Implementation of more efficient testing strategies can help meet both an expanding need by resource managers and a burgeoning demand from the hunting public in North America.
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