Human infants possess powerful learning mechanisms used for the acquisition of language. To what extent are these mechanisms domain specific? One well-known infant language learning mechanism is the ability to detect and generalize rule-like similarity patterns, such as ABA or ABB [Marcus, G. F., Vijayan, S., Rao, S. B., & Vishton, P. M. (1999). Rule learning by seven-month-old infants. Science, 283, 77-80.]. The results of three experiments demonstrate that 7-month-old infants can detect and generalize these same patterns when the elements consist of pictures of animals (dogs and cats). These findings indicate that rule learning of this type is not specific to language acquisition.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.11.004 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Psychol Gen
January 2025
Department of Psychology, New York University.
The ability to discover patterns or rules from our experiences is critical to science, engineering, and art. In this article, we examine how much people's discovery of patterns can be incentivized by financial rewards. In particular, we investigate a classic category learning task for which the effect of financial incentives is unknown (Shepard et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Care Manage Rev
January 2025
Background: Public reporting of home health care agencies' performance metrics, including patient satisfaction, care processes, and health outcomes, aims to inform customer decisions and encourage agencies to improve the quality of services. However, there is limited research that examines the heterogeneous performance of home health care agencies.
Purposes: The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of home health care agencies by identifying distinct subgroups of agencies with similar performance profiles and describing the relationships between agency characteristics and such subgroups.
Clin Transl Sci
January 2025
Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on lymphocyte subtyping and clinical factors for the early and rapid prediction of Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) in septic patients. A prospective cohort study of 633 consecutive patients diagnosed with sepsis and intra-abdominal infection (IAI) was performed. We assessed the clinical characteristics and lymphocyte subsets at the onset of IAI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Urol Open Sci
January 2025
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Background And Objective: Organised prostate cancer (PCa) testing (OPT) was introduced in Sweden to gain knowledge in preparation for a potential national PCa screening programme. This study aims to explore men's opinions regarding the OPT invitation letters and the attitudes influencing their decision to participate in or decline OPT.
Methods: We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 30 men (nine participants and 21 non-participants) from Stockholm County who received OPT invitations.
Int J Pharm
January 2025
Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
Film-coating is a critical step in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Traditional visual inspections for film-coated tablet defect assessment are subjective, inefficient, and labor-intensive. We propose a novel approach utilizing machine learning and image analysis to address these limitations.
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