J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol
Department of Dairy and Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Published: May 2007
The Hoxc8 early enhancer that controls the initiation and establishment of Hoxc8 expression in the developing mouse embryo is found in different vertebrate lineages including mammals, birds and fish. Mouse and Fugu Hoxc8 early enhancers (200 bp) have diverged in the composition of elements located towards the 3' region. However, they share cis-acting elements A-E located in the 5' region. Mutations at these elements in the context of the mouse Hoxc8 early enhancer affect reporter gene expression in the posterior neural tube, somites and lateral plate mesoderm of day 9.5 mouse embryos. Here, we demonstrate that mutations introduced at the same elements but in the context of the Fugu Hoxc8 early enhancer had different consequences on the reporter gene expression in transgenic mouse embryos. Furthermore, in contrast to the mouse enhancer the Fugu enhancer does not utilize elements D and E in achieving posterior neural tube and somite expression. These results suggest that the diverged sequences prevent regulatory interactions at conserved cis-acting elements. We propose that divergent sequences modify regulatory interactions at conserved elements by providing a "contextual change". Our finding that the enhancer elements do not act in a unitary fashion but function in the context of the surrounding sequence brings a new dimension to the study of cis-regulatory evolution.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.21143 | DOI Listing |
J Dev Biol
January 2024
Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
genes encode transcription factors whose roles in patterning animal body plans during embryonic development are well-documented. Multiple studies demonstrate that genes continue to act in adult cells, in normal differentiation, in regenerative processes, and, with abnormal expression, in diverse types of cancers. However, surprisingly little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that govern gene expression in specific cell types, as they differentiate during late embryonic development, and in the adult organism.
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Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain.
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Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
Background: Searching for immunotherapy-related markers is an important research content to screen for target populations suitable for immunotherapy. Prognosis-related genes in early stage lung cancer may also affect the tumor immune microenvironment, which in turn affects immunotherapy.
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China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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The First Affiliated Hospital and Basic Medical Sciences College of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
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