Thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) belongs to type A G protein-coupled receptor family, which possesses a large entracellular domain (ED). Recent studies have revealed the importance of leucine rich repeats domain in the ED and the formation of oligomer in its TSH binding and its signal transduction. TSHR binds to Gs and Gq. It might also activate JAK/STAT kinase system. To further understanding the pathophysiology of Graves' disease, it will be needed to clarify the epitopes of thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb), thyroid stimulation blocking antibody(TSBAb) and thyroid growth-stimulating IgG (TGI) and their relation to signal transduction pathway.
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