Many published studies of breast milk FA composition are limited to populations from one or two countries. We aimed to examine the degree to which FA compositions vary across a number of diverse populations. Because diet and maternal adipose stores influence breast milk FA composition, differences in FA composition between groups most likely reflect habitual dietary differences. Approximately 50 breast milk samples (full breast expression) were collected from women in Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Mexico, Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The proportion of saturated FA was relatively constant among countries, with the exception of the Philippines, where levels of lauric and myristic acids were elevated (means greater than two times the mean of most other countries). Monounsaturated FA also varied little, with the exception of low levels of oleic acid in the Philippines and high levels of erucic acid in China. Although arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) levels were similar among all countries (means ranging from 0.36 wt % to 0.49 wt %), mean DHA (C22:6n-3) levels ranged from 0.17 to 0.99 wt %, with the highest levels in Japanese milk and the lowest levels in Canadian and U.S. samples. The results of this study demonstrate that the proportion of saturated and monounsaturated FA are relatively constant across a large number of countries, whereas the level of some of the PUFA, especially DHA, are highly variable.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-006-5040-7 | DOI Listing |
Int Med Case Rep J
January 2025
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
Gynecomastia is an enlargement of the breasts in men, which is usually benign but can also manifest as a result of malignancies, and can be either unilateral or bilateral. Pseudogynecomastia is male breast enlargement due to excessive fat, while true gynecomastia is a proliferation of glandular tissue. Gynecomastia is common in infants, adolescents, and elderly men, with the most common cause is related to hormonal changes associated with aging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPublic Health Nutr
January 2025
International Food Policy Research Institute, Eye Street, 1201 I St NW, Washington, DC 20005.
Objective: To characterize food group consumption, assess the contribution of food groups to energy and micronutrient intake, and estimate usual nutrient intake among adults in rural Sri Lanka.
Design: A baseline survey (Dec 2020-Feb 2021) was conducted as part of an agriculture-based, nutrition-sensitive resilience program evaluation. Dietary intake was assessed using telephone-based 24-hour recalls (n=1283), with repeat recalls from 769 participants.
J Cyst Fibros
January 2025
Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, Medical Research Affiliate, Austria.
Pancreatic insufficiency is a major complication of cystic fibrosis (CF), which traditionally has been managed with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in the vast majority of CF patients, even in the era of highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator (CFTRm) therapy. We report on a 1.7 year old male infant with CF who was exposed to ETI both in utero and postpartum, via breast milk and oral granules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosci Biobehav Rev
January 2025
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
Breast milk (BM) is the main nutrition source for infants that plays a key role on growth and development. Human milk composition includes endogenous and exogenous substances, including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs are man-made environmental chemicals present in everyday environment and food that can disrupt the programming of endocrine signalling pathways during development, resulting in adverse effects that may not be apparent until much later in life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Perinatol
January 2025
Novant Health New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, United States.
Objective: To compare growth outcomes and tolerance among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants receiving a new, liquid human milk fortifier (LHMF-NEW) or a human milk fortifier-acidified liquid (HMF-AL).
Study Design: Retrospective, multicenter study of 515 VLBW infants in three regional NICUs. The primary objective was to compare growth velocity (g/kg/day) during fortification between groups by repeated measures regression.
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