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High-dimensional multiple imputation (HDMI) for partially observed confounders including natural language processing-derived auxiliary covariates.
Am J Epidemiol
January 2025
Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Multiple imputation (MI) models can be improved with auxiliary covariates (AC), but their performance in high-dimensional data remains unclear. We aimed to develop and compare high-dimensional MI (HDMI) methods using structured and natural language processing (NLP)-derived AC in studies with partially observed confounders. We conducted a plasmode simulation with acute kidney injury as outcome and simulated 100 cohorts with a null treatment effect, incorporating creatinine labs, atrial fibrillation (AFib), and other investigator-derived confounders in the outcome generation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating the scientific evidence to support mental health and well-being claims made on probiotic products.
Nutr Health
January 2025
Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Background: Increasing interest in probiotics for mental health has led to products marketed to consumers claiming psychological benefits. This study aimed to identify mental health claims on probiotic supplements and to provide a narrative review of the scientific evidence to support these claims.
Methods: Probiotic supplements with mental health claims on the product label were identified.
Comparative cardiovascular safety of romosozumab versus bisphosphonates in Japanese patients with osteoporosis: a new-user, active comparator design with instrumental variable analyses.
J Bone Miner Res
January 2025
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, Japan.
This study analyzed the association of romosozumab, a human monoclonal antibody with bone-forming and bone resorption-inhibiting effects, and bisphosphonates with the development of cardiovascular disease among patients with osteoporosis. A new-user design was employed to address selection bias, and instrumental variable analysis was used to address confounding by indication. Japanese patients aged ≥40 years, diagnosed with osteoporosis or experienced a fragility fracture, were admitted to medical facilities covered by a commercial administrative claims database, and newly prescribed romosozumab or bisphosphonates after the commercialization of romosozumab in Japan (March 4, 2019) were included based on verification of a 180-day washout period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelf-Bias and Self-Related Mentalizing are Unaltered in Adolescents with Autism.
J Autism Dev Disord
January 2025
Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Purpose: The self is a multidimensional concept that can be represented at a pre-reflective (first-order) level, at a deeper, reflective level (second-order), or even at a meta-level (representing one's own thoughts, i.e. self-related mentalizing).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain computer interfaces for cognitive enhancement in older people - challenges and applications: a systematic review.
BMC Geriatr
January 2025
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Liverpool, 9 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK.
Background: Brain-computer interface (BCI) offers promising solutions to cognitive enhancement in older people. Despite the clear progress received, there is limited evidence of BCI implementation for rehabilitation. This systematic review addresses BCI applications and challenges in the standard practice of EEG-based neurofeedback (NF) training in healthy older people or older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
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