Small-cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy; this tumor is lethal due to the propensity to metastasize early in the course of the disease. It occurs most frequently in the lung. Small-cell cancer also rarely may occur in the female genital tract, usually in the cervix. This article concerns the fifth reported case of small-cell carcinoma of the vulva in a 34-year-old women who had developed a vulvar mass3 months earlier. The physical examination revealed bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. The mass was excised and the histological finding was a small-cell carcinoma. Postoperative search for metastasis included computed tomography scan of the abdomen, pelvis, chest and brain that showed right iliac lymph nodes. The osteo medullar biopsy was positive. The patient was treated with 6 cycles of chemotherapy including cisplatinum (80mg/m2 d1) and etoposide (100mg/m2 d1 d2 d3). Adjuvant radiotherapy (50Gy) was administered but the disease progressed and the patient died after 7 months. Small-cell carcinoma of the vulva is a very rare tumor. Similarly to small-cell cancers arising in other sites, it appears that regional therapy is not a sufficient treatment for this tumor. Chemotherapy should be used to improve outcome.
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