The base-base hydrogen bond interactions of the psi32,psi39-modified anticodon arm of Escherichia coli tRNAPhe have been investigated using heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. psi32 and psi39 were enzymatically introduced into a [13C,15N]-isotopically enriched RNA sequence corresponding to the tRNAPhe anticodon arm. Both the psi32-A38 and A31-psi39 nucleotide pairs form Watson-Crick base pairing schemes and the anticodon nucleotides adopt a triloop conformation. Similar effects were observed previously with D2-isopentenyl modification of the A37 N6 that also is native to the tRNAPhe anticodon arm. These results demonstrate that the individual modifications are not sufficient to produce the 32-38 bifurcated hydrogen bond or the U-turn motifs that are observed in crystal structures of tRNAs and tRNA-protein complexes. Thus the formation of these conserved structural features in solution likely require the synergistic interaction of multiple modifications.
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