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Pain perception and expression: the influence of gender, personal self-efficacy, and lifespan socialization. | LitMetric

There are differences between males and females regarding the perception, expression, and tolerance of pain that stems from a variety of social and psychologic influences. Personal self-efficacy and lifespan socialization are two such influences, and they provide new dimensions for nurses to better understand the pain experience. This article will present a review of the literature regarding personal self-efficacy and lifespan socialization and their effects on pain perception and expression among males and females. Finally, nursing implications related to the topic will be discussed.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2006.09.004DOI Listing

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