AI Article Synopsis
- Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is caused by the immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, influenced by various genetic and environmental factors.
- Key genetic contributors to T1D are found in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), particularly in genes like DR and DQ, as well as others like insulin, PTPN22, and CTLA-4.
- There are significant differences in T1D genetic susceptibility across different populations due to varying frequencies of risk and protective genetic traits, particularly in relation to MHC genetics beyond just DR and DQ alleles.
Article Abstract
T1D results from autoimmune-mediated destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, a process that is conditioned by multiple genes and environmental factors. The main genetic determinants map to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and in particular DR and DQ, although, genes outside the MHC contribute, including the insulin gene, PTPN22, and CTLA-4. There are remarkable differences in genetic susceptibility to T1D between populations. We believe this variation reflects differing frequencies of diabetes causative and protective alleles and haplotypes, and thus remains a major genetic influence linked to the MHC region not accounted for by DR and DQ alleles. In this article, we discuss global variations in genetic susceptibility to T1D in view of current genetic understanding.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1375.044 | DOI Listing |
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