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Pregnancy in mammals featuring hemochorial placentation introduces a major conflict with the mother's immune system, which is dedicated to repelling invaders bearing foreign DNA and RNA. Numerous and highly sophisticated strategies for preventing mothers from rejecting their genetically different fetus(es) have now been identified. These involve production of novel soluble and membrane-bound molecules by uterine and placental cells. In humans, the placenta-derived molecules include glycoproteins derived from the HLA class Ib gene, HLA-G. Isoforms of HLA-G saturate the maternal-fetal interface and circulate in mothers throughout pregnancy. Uteroplacental immune privilege for the fetus and its associated tissues is believed to result when immune cells encounter HLA-G. Unequivocally demonstration of this concept requires experiments in animal models. Both the monkey and the baboon express molecules that are similar but not identical to HLA-G, and may comprise suitable animal models for establishing a central role for these proteins in pregnancy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-4-S1-S10 | DOI Listing |
Biol Psychiatry
March 2025
From Department of Neurobiology and Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address:
Prosocial helping behavior, characterized by voluntary actions taken to benefit others, plays a vital role in promoting cooperation and maintaining social bonds across human and animal social groups. In this review, we examine key conceptual issues surrounding prosocial behavior, focusing specifically on targeted helping and comforting actions. We outline the behavioral paradigms used to study these two types of prosocial behaviors and summarize recent insights into their underlying neural mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioorg Med Chem Lett
March 2025
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; Study Center of Natural Product and Synthesis, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia. Electronic address:
Lipopeptides with different fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids) conjugated to CHSPKKKRKV were synthesised by a solid-phase peptide method using the Fmoc strategy (Fmoc-SPPS) on 2-CTC (2-chlorotritylchloride) resin. The lipopeptides were purified by RP-HPLC and characterised by ToF-ESI-MS and 1D-NMR. The capability of the lipopeptide to interact with the plasmid was evaluated by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem Toxicol
March 2025
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
This study evaluates the bioavailability, developmental toxicity, genotoxicity, and estrogenic effects (EA) of resveratrol nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by Tween 80 and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) using chicken embryonic models. Tween NPs exhibited smaller sizes (93.18 nm), and more homogeneous distribution compared to CMCS NPs (267.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Neurobiol
March 2025
Yang Tan Collective, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. Electronic address:
One of the fundamental challenges for modern neuroscience has been to translate discoveries from model organisms into effective therapeutics for human brain disorders. This challenge partly arises from the structural and functional differences between rodent and human brains [1]. To bridge this gap, non-human primates (NHPs) can be used as an intermediate step because of their genetic, physiological, and behavioral similarities to humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Neurobiol
March 2025
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. Electronic address:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication impairments and restricted, repetitive behaviors. ASD exhibits a strong genetic basis, with rare and common genetic variants contributing to its etiology. Copy number variations (CNVs), deletions or duplications of chromosomal segments, have emerged as key contributors to ASD risk.
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