Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) has a strong hereditary component, but an understanding of predisposition genes is poor. Anticipation with familial CLL has been reported, although the molecular mechanism is unknown. Expansion of trinucleotide repeat sequences underlies anticipation observed in neurodegenerative disease. A polymerase chain reaction-based assay was used to analyse the stability of ten CCG- and CAG-trinucleotide repeat tracts in 18 CLL families and 140 patients with the sporadic form of the disease. The study suggests that anticipation, if it occurs in CLL, is not linked to CCG- and CAG-repeat expansion, however, variation in repeat length at certain loci (FRA16A) may permit identification of susceptible family members. In addition, polymorphisms with prognostic significance were identified. These were high length (but not expanded) repeats at FRA11B (P = 0.01), ATXN1 (P = 0.032) and ATXN3 (P = 0.022), all associated with poor risk disease.
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