A case of canine non-T, non-B lymphoid leukaemia was determined to be of natural killer (NK) cell lineage by detecting specific expression of canine CD56 mRNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Although NK cells are usually considered to be morphologically large granular lymphocytes, the malignant NK cells in this case were agranular and blast-like, resembling human blastic NK cell leukaemia. The prognosis of human NK cell leukaemia is usually poor. In this case, the dog died 10 days after initial presentation, despite chemotherapy.
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