The main purpose of the present study was to determine whether specific regions of the mouse brain exhibit different age-related changes in oxidative stress, as indicated by glutathione redox state and the level of protein-glutathionyl mixed disulfides. Comparison of 3- and 21-month-old mice indicated an age-related decrease in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) as well as a pro-oxidizing shift in the calculated redox potential (ranging from 6 to 15 mV) in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum, whereas there was little change in the brainstem. This pro-oxidizing shift in redox state was due to a modest decrease in GSH content occurring in all the brain regions examined, and elevations in GSSG amount that were most pronounced in the striatum and cerebellum. The regional changes in glutathione redox state were paralleled by increases in the amounts of protein-mixed disulfides. A reduction of caloric intake by 40% for a short period (7 weeks), implemented in relatively old mice (17 months), increased the GSH/GSSG ratio and redox potential at 19 months in the same brain regions that exhibited age-related decreases. The effects of age and caloric restriction were qualitatively similar in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. However, young DBA/2 mice, which do not show extension of life span in response to long-term caloric restriction, had lower GSH/GSSG ratios and higher protein-mixed disulfides than age-matched C57BL/6 mice. The current findings demonstrate that oxidative stress, as reflected by glutathione redox state, increases in the aging brain in regions linked to age-associated losses of function and neurodegenerative diseases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.040 | DOI Listing |
Elife
January 2025
Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Junior Research Group Synthetic Microbiology, Jena, Germany.
Mycofactocin is a redox cofactor essential for the alcohol metabolism of mycobacteria. While the biosynthesis of mycofactocin is well established, the gene , which encodes an oxidoreductase of the glucose-methanol-choline superfamily, remained functionally uncharacterized. Here, we show that MftG enzymes are almost exclusively found in genomes containing mycofactocin biosynthetic genes and are present in 75% of organisms harboring these genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Naturae
January 2024
St Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russian Federation.
Living organisms exhibit an impressive ability to expand the basic information encoded in their genome, specifically regarding the structure and function of protein. Two basic strategies are employed to increase protein diversity and functionality: alternative mRNA splicing and post-translational protein modifications (PTMs). Enzymatic regulation is responsible for the majority of the chemical reactions occurring within living cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Universidade Estadual do Ceará Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo FortalezaCE Brasil Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the redox balance in subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat pads of male and female Wistar rats.
Materials And Methods: The study analyzed the activity and gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, along with the production of NADPH oxidases dependent on HO and gene expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4.
Results: The retroperitoneal fat pad in males compared with females had greater NOX2 and NOX4 expression, along with higher superoxide dismutase activity.
Alzheimers Dement
January 2025
Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Introduction: Iron-mediated cell death (ferroptosis) is a proposed mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. While iron is essential for basic biological functions, its reactivity generates oxidants which contribute to cell damage and death.
Methods: To further resolve mechanisms of iron-mediated toxicity in AD, we analyzed post mortem human brain and ApoEFAD mice.
J Am Chem Soc
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
Oxygen vacancies (OVs) spatially confined on the surface of metal oxide semiconductors are advantageous for photocatalysis, in particular, for O-involved redox reactions. However, the thermal annealing process used to generate surface OVs often results in undesired bulk OVs within the metal oxides. Herein, a high pressure-assisted thermal annealing strategy has been developed for selectively confining desirable amounts of OVs on the surface of metal oxides, such as tungsten oxide (WO).
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