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The Role of Double-Zero-Event Studies in Evidence Synthesis: Evaluating Robustness Using the Fragility Index.
J Eval Clin Pract
February 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Rationale: Zero-event counts are common in clinical studies, particularly when assessing rare adverse events. These occurrences can result from low event rates, short follow-up periods, and small sample sizes. When both intervention and control groups report zero events in a clinical trial, the study is referred to as a double-zero-event study, which presents methodological challenges for evidence synthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTowards an Understanding of the Dentate Gyrus Hilus.
Hippocampus
January 2025
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.
For many years, the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG) was a mystery because anatomical data suggested a bewildering array of cells without clear organization. Moreover, some of the anatomical information led to more questions than answers. For example, it had been identified that one of the major cell types in the hilus, the mossy cell, innervates granule cells (GCs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProfessional obligations and the demandingness of acting against one's conscience.
J Med Ethics
December 2024
Uehiro Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Conscience is typically invoked in healthcare to defend a right to conscientious objection, that is, the refusal by healthcare professionals to perform certain activities in the name of personal moral or religious views. On this approach, freedom of conscience should be respected when the individual is operating in a professional capacity. Others would argue, however, that a conscientious professional is one who can set aside one's own moral or religious views when they conflict with professional obligations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Probabilistic Price of Life Across Time: Generational and Probabilistic Distance Render a Life Today Worth More Than Ten Tomorrow.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull
December 2024
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
Is the certainty of saving a life today worth more than the less-certain possibility of saving 10 lives tomorrow? In six pre-registered studies with U.S. samples from Prolific ( = 5,095), we employed an intergenerational probability discounting task, discovering people discount the value of life as uncertainty and intergenerational distance from the present increase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficacy and safety of selective pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in FGFR-altered urothelial carcinoma.
Pharmacol Res
January 2025
Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China. Electronic address:
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alteration is one of the common driver alterations in urothelial carcinoma (UC). FGFR alterations contribute to anti-tumor immunity inhibition and are associated with attenuated response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) or chemotherapy. Selective pan-FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (FGFRi) has been approved for FGFR-altered UC.
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