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Mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium improves hypoxic injury to protect islet graft function.
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
August 2024
Department of Radiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
Objectives: Islet transplantation is one of the most promising curative methods for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but early hypoxic death of the graft post-transplantation impedes successful treatment. To improve the efficacy of islet transplantation and enhance islet cell resistance to hypoxia, reducing hypoxic injury before revascularization is crucial. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to regulate immune responses and protect against hypoxic damage through paracrine mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMitochondrial respiration atlas reveals differential changes in mitochondrial function across sex and age.
Elife
December 2024
Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.
Organ function declines with age, and large-scale transcriptomic analyses have highlighted differential aging trajectories across tissues. The mechanism underlying shared and organ-selective functional changes across the lifespan, however, still remains poorly understood. Given the central role of mitochondria in powering cellular processes needed to maintain tissue health, we therefore undertook a systematic assessment of respiratory activity across 33 different tissues in young (2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDaily Diagnostic Quality Computed Tomography-on-Rails (CTOR) Image Guidance for Abdominal Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT).
Cancers (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Article Synopsis
- SBRT for abdominal tumors faces challenges like respiratory motion and low tumor contrast, making accurate treatment difficult.
- Breath-hold treatments using CT-on-rails (CTOR) improve visualization of both tumors and surrounding tissues, helping to better align radiation targets and protect normal tissues.
- Case studies show that using diagnostic-quality CT guidance allows for precise adjustments in treatment alignment, effectively reducing radiation doses to sensitive organs like the stomach.
Sex-specific regulatory architecture of pancreatic islets from subjects with and without type 2 diabetes.
EMBO J
December 2024
Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes (T2D and T1D) exhibit sex-specific differences in insulin secretion, the mechanisms of which are unknown. We examined sex differences in human pancreatic islets from 52 donors with and without T2D combining single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single nucleus ATAC-sequencing (snATAC-seq) with assays probing hormone secretion and bioenergetics. In non-diabetic (ND) donors, sex differences in islet cell chromatin accessibility and gene expression predominantly involved sex chromosomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative efficacy, toxicity, and insulin-suppressive effects of simvastatin and pravastatin in fatty acid-challenged mouse insulinoma MIN6 β-cell model.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
November 2024
Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Article Synopsis
- - Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common condition that can lead to early heart disease and stroke, with statins being the primary treatment, but they might also increase the risk of type 2 diabetes due to effects on β-cells.
- - The study used a mouse insulinoma model to analyze the effects of simvastatin and pravastatin on β-cells in the presence of fatty acids, revealing that simvastatin reduced cholesterol more effectively but was also more cytotoxic and suppressed insulin levels.
- - While simvastatin lowered insulin content significantly, this effect was reversible and not dependent on its main action, indicating that it may impact insulin secretion through mechanisms beyond just blocking HMG-CoA reductase. *
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