The authors summarize and systematize literature data and their own observations concerning post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCES), the reasons for and the mechanisms of its development, its clinical variants etc. The authors suggest the following PCES forms should be distinguished: functional ("egenuine") forms, which develop due to gall bladder removal and the loss of its functions, and organic ("conditional") PCES forms, which develop as a consequence ofaflawy surgery and/or preoperative complications of chronic calculous cholecystitis, which dominate in the postoperative clinical picture and are mistakenly considered cholecystectomy consequences. An original operational classification of PCES is adduced; possibilities provided by contemporary instrumental and laboratory techniques of differential diagnostics are considered; differential treatment and prophylaxis of PCES are described.
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ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
December 2024
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Bulky organic cations are used in perovskite solar cells as a protective barrier against moisture, oxygen, and ion diffusion. However, bulky cations can introduce thermal instabilities by reacting with the near-surface of the 3D perovskite forming low-dimensional phases, including 2D perovskites, and by diffusing away from the surface into the film. This study explores the thermal stability of CsFAPbI 3D perovskite surfaces treated with two anthracene salts─anthracen-1-ylmethylammonium iodide (AMAI) and 2-(anthracen-1-yl)ethylammonium iodide (AEAI)─and compares them with the widely used phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Sichuan University, School of Chemical Engineering, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
November 2024
Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei, 11102, Taiwan.
The structural modification of hole-transporting materials (HTMs) is an effective strategy for enhancing photovoltaic performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a series of dithienopyran (DTP)-based HTMs (Me-H, Ph-H, CF3-H, CF3-mF, and CF3-oF) is designed and synthesized by substituting different functional groups on the DTP unit and are used fabricating PSCs. In comparison with Me-H having two methyl substituents on the dithienopyrano ring, the Ph-H having two phenyl substituents on the ring exhibits higher PCEs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
November 2024
School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) achieve dispersion mainly via steric hindrance from poly(ether) side chains. However, long side chains may cause structural collapse. This study mitigates this issue by introducing sulfonic acid terminations to the long side chains, synthesizing sulfonic-terminated polycarboxylates (PCEPS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
November 2024
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Precise modulating the vertical structure of active layers to boost charge transfer is an effective way to achieve high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, efficient OSCs with a well-controlled vertical structure are realized by a rapid film-forming method combining low boiling point solvent and the sequential blade-coating (SBC) technology. The results of grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering measurement show that the vertical component distribution is varied by changing the processing solvent.
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