The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid-fortified food on inflammatory markers in healthy subjects--A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

Epidemiological studies showed that habitual fish intakes were associated with lower blood inflammatory markers. In the present study the effects of a fish oil-containing food on inflammatory markers were investigated in healthy, mostly middle-aged subjects (59 men and 82 women) with normal to mildly elevated triglyceride levels. Study subjects were randomly allocated to two groups in a double-blind manner; one group ingested an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich fish oil-fortified drink (0.60 g EPA+0.26 g docosahexaenoic acid/d. EPA group, n=68) for 12 wk. The rest of the subjects took a placebo (control group, n=73). Plasma levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptors 1 and 2 (sTNF-Rs 1 and 2) were measured at the start and end of intervention. EPA concentrations in the total RBC phospholipid fraction significantly increased by 79% in the EPA group at the end of the study, and they changed very little in the control group (+0.68%). The inflammatory markers did not change in either group. It is likely that fish oil does not change hs-CRP or sTNF-Rs 1 or 2 in subjects without active inflammation.