Elevated sCD30 levels were generally associated with poor prognosis in chronic HIV infection prior to the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Little information is available on sCD30 and HIV-1 viremia. In this study, the association between sCD30 and HIV-1 viremia was investigated in HIV-infected patients who underwent HAART. sCD30 was measured in 276 patients prior (T0) and 6 months after HAART (T6). Standard survival analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic value of sCD30 and sCD30 change from baseline to predict the virological response to HAART. Higher levels (>30 U/ml) of sCD30 prior to HAART were associated with relatively higher viremia (P = 0.0001) and tended to be associated with a lower chance of achieving virological success (P = 0.13). The median T6 sCD30 level in patients who concomitantly had viremia >500 copies/ml was higher than the median sCD30 level of those with viremia
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