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The impact of brain-systemic oxygenation coupling in sleep-disordered breathing on cognitive function in elderly.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Background: Intermittent hypoxia, a consequence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), may contribute to an increased risk of cognitive decline. However, the association between SDB and cognition remains highly variable.
Methods: Fifty-two community-dwelling healthy older adults (28 women) were recruited.
Association of Medial Temporal Lobe Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Memory Function in Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Impairment.
Neurology
January 2025
Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Background And Objectives: Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) represents the ability of cerebral blood vessels to regulate blood flow in response to vasoactive stimuli and is related to cognition in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative conditions. However, few studies have examined CVR in the medial temporal lobe, known to be affected early in Alzheimer disease and to influence memory function. We aimed to examine whether medial temporal CVR is associated with memory function in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreathing signatures of semantic and phonemic verbal fluency and their impact on test performance in a sample of young Norwegian adults.
PLoS One
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Verbal fluency (VF) represents an important aspect of intelligence, in which oral word generation is demanded following semantic or phonemic cues. Two reliable phenomena of VF execution have been reported: A decay in performance across 1-minute trial and a discrepancy score between the semantic and phonemic VF tests (VFTs). Although, these characteristics have been explained from various cognitive standpoints, the fundamental role of speech breathing has not yet been considered.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPupil size correlates with heart rate, skin conductance, pulse wave amplitude, and respiration responses during emotional conflict and valence processing.
Psychophysiology
November 2024
Eye-Tracking Laboratory, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Pupil size is a non-invasive index for autonomic arousal mediated by the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. While pupil size and its derivative (velocity) are increasingly used as indicators of arousal, limited research has investigated the relationships between pupil size and other well-known autonomic responses. Here, we simultaneously recorded pupillometry, heart rate, skin conductance, pulse wave amplitude, and respiration signals during an emotional face-word Stroop task, in which task-evoked (phasic) pupil dilation correlates with LC-NE responsivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccuracy of Prospective Assessments of 4 Large Language Model Chatbot Responses to Patient Questions About Emergency Care: Experimental Comparative Study.
J Med Internet Res
November 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, United States.
Article Synopsis
- A significant number of consumers (48%) use generative AI for health inquiries, yet there is limited research on the quality of AI chatbot responses concerning emergency care advice.
- This study evaluated responses from four popular AI chatbots (ChatGPT, Google Bard, Bing AI, and Claude AI) using 10 emergency care questions, grading them across eight performance domains.
- Results showed that chatbots excelled in clarity and understandability (85%), had moderate accuracy and completeness (50%), but struggled with source relevance and reliability (10%), and potentially presented dangerous information in 5% to 35% of their responses.
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