Objective: Many high school and college students are believed to use spring break vacation to travel to destinations with the intent of engaging in extreme party behaviors, including excessive alcohol use. However, the extent to which spring break travelers' behaviors are more risky than their typical behaviors remains unclear.
Method: To assess the impact of spring break as a situational risk factor, we analyzed data collected from 176 first-year college students across 10 weeks using weekly telephone interviews.
Results: Using multilevel modeling, we found the following: (1) men, participants in fraternity/sorority organizations, students traveling on spring break trips, and those with higher fun-social alcohol expectancies drank more during the regular semester; (2) alcohol use did not increase during spring break week in general; however, (3) spring break travelers increased their alcohol use during spring break.
Conclusions: Spring break trips are a risk factor for escalated alcohol use both during the academic semester and during spring break trips, suggesting that some students may seek out opportunities for excessive alcohol use. Results are discussed in terms of niche selection and prevention implications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.911 | DOI Listing |
Foods
January 2025
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2 nocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
High-pressure treatment was utilized in this study to produce high-quality, reduced-sodium pork gels with desirable texture and sensory properties, addressing the challenge of maintaining quality in low-sodium meat products to meet health-conscious consumer demands. High-pressure treatment applied within the range of 150-200 MPa significantly reduced cooking loss while maintaining moisture content and provided an ideal network structure for reduced-sodium pork gels. High-pressure treatment at up to 100-200 MPa, in combination with added sodium chloride and sodium polyphosphate, was evaluated for its effects on gel texture, with results indicating that high-pressure treatment significantly improved breaking stress (increased by 10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
December 2024
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Telomere maintenance is crucial for preventing the linear eukaryotic chromosome ends from being mistaken for DNA double-strand breaks, thereby avoiding chromosome fusions and the loss of genetic material. Unlike most eukaryotes that use telomerase for telomere maintenance, relies on retrotransposable elements-specifically , , and (collectively referred to as HTT)-which are regulated and precisely targeted to chromosome ends. telomere protection is mediated by a set of fast-evolving proteins, termed terminin, which bind to chromosome termini without sequence specificity, balancing DNA damage response factors to avoid erroneous repair mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
December 2024
Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
The natural ends of chromosomes resemble double-strand breaks (DSBs), which would activate the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway without the protection provided by a specialized protein complex called shelterin. Over the past decades, extensive research has uncovered the mechanism of action and the high degree of specialization provided by the shelterin complex to prevent aberrant activation of DNA repair machinery at chromosome ends in somatic cells. However, recent findings have revealed striking differences in the mechanisms of end protection in stem cells compared to somatic cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDNA Repair (Amst)
November 2024
Division of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan. Electronic address:
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) trigger the recruitment of repair protein and promote signal transduction through posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation. After DSB induction, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) phosphorylates H2AX on chromatin surrounds the mega-base pairs proximal to the DSBs. Advanced super-resolution microscopic technology has demonstrated the formation of γH2AX nano foci as a unit of nano domain comprised of multiple nucleosomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pharm
January 2025
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich 8093, Switzerland. Electronic address:
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