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Objectives: Autonomic regulation has been identified as a potential regulator of pain via vagal nerve mediation, assessed through heart rate variability (HRV). Non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation (nVNS) and heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) have been proposed to modulate pain. A limited number of studies compare nVNS and HRVB in persons with chronic pain conditions.

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Background: Previous literature has highlighted that excessive alcohol use (EAU) is directly linked with permanent neurological damage. Studies have also highlighted gradual improvements in heart rate variability (HRV) after cessation of alcohol use. Moreover, chronic alcohol consumption has also been correlated with reduced HRV and an increase in skin conductance (SC) among healthy adults, leading to a combined decline in cognitive performance.

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The spleen in ischaemic heart disease.

Nat Rev Cardiol

January 2025

Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • Ischaemic heart disease results from coronary atherosclerosis, which is linked to systemic inflammation involving various immune cells released by the spleen.
  • Prolonged inflammation can lead to ischaemic heart failure, while the spleen's interaction with the nervous system can modulate immune responses and protect the heart from damage.
  • Splenectomy, which removes the spleen, increases mortality risk from ischaemic heart disease, highlighting the spleen's crucial role in immune responses and cardiovascular protection.
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Diagnostic accuracy of heart rate variability as a screening tool for mild neurocognitive disorder.

Front Aging Neurosci

December 2024

Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Background: Mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD) is recognized as an early stage of dementia and is gaining attention as a significant healthcare problem due to current demographic changes and increasing numbers of patients. Timely detection of mNCD provides an opportunity for early interventions that can potentially slow down or prevent cognitive decline. Heart rate variability (HRV) may be a promising measure, as it has been shown to be sensitive to cognitive impairment.

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Cardiac vagal control and inflammation are upregulated in exceptional human longevity.

Intern Emerg Med

December 2024

Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.

We investigated the interplay of cardiovascular autonomic and inflammatory profiles in persons with extreme longevity (PEL), their direct offsprings (DO), and a group of controls matched for age and sex with the DO. Cardiac autonomic control was assessed through the heart rate variability (HRV) using spectral and symbolic analysis. The plasma concentration and gene expression of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and TNF-α were quantified.

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