Theoretical analyses of air traffic complexity were carried out using the Method for the Analysis of Relational Complexity. Twenty-two air traffic controllers examined static air traffic displays and were required to detect and resolve conflicts. Objective measures of performance included conflict detection time and accuracy. Subjective perceptions of mental workload were assessed by a complexity-sorting task and subjective ratings of the difficulty of different aspects of the task. A metric quantifying the complexity of pair-wise relations among aircraft was able to account for a substantial portion of the variance in the perceived complexity and difficulty of conflict detection problems, as well as reaction time. Other variables that influenced performance included the mean minimum separation between aircraft pairs and the amount of time that aircraft spent in conflict.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140130600779744 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management Technology and Information System, Port Said University, Port Said, 42526, Egypt.
The Internet of Things (IoTs) has revolutionized cities, enabling them to become smarter. IoTs play an important role in monitoring the traffic cameras, roads, smart farming, connected vehicles, air quality, water level, humidity, and carbon dioxide pollution levels in city buildings. One of the major challenges of smart cities is the cyber threat to sensitive data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Epidemiol
December 2024
School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Background: Billions of dollars have been spent implementing regulations to reduce traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) from exhaust pipe emissions. However, few health studies have evaluated the change in TRAP emissions and associations with infant health outcomes. We hypothesize that the magnitude of association between vehicle exposure measures and adverse birth outcomes has decreased over time, parallelling regulatory improvements in exhaust pipe emissions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
January 2025
Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
Urban Air Transportation (UAT) encompasses private aircraft, air taxis, and specialized missions. These missions include aerial sightseeing, logistics transportation, emergency response, and anti-terrorism operations. They impose stringent requirements on advanced air mobility (AAM) aircraft.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA.
In the United States (US), neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) monitor and treat newborns for a variety of adverse health concerns including preterm status, respiratory distress and restricted growth. As such, NICU admission is an integrated measure of neonatal risk. We linked 2018 US national birth registry NICU admission data among singleton births with satellite and modelled air pollution levels for the month prior to birth to examine whether late-pregnancy exposure to ambient air pollutants is associated with adverse neonatal health outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
December 2024
College of Architecture, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
Exposure to air pollution significantly elevates the risk of disease among urban populations. Improving city air quality requires not only traditional emission reduction strategies but also a focus on the intricate impacts of the urban built environment and meteorological elements. The complexity and diversity of factors within the urban built environment pose significant challenges to pollution control.
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