A theory of electrowetting is developed for systems containing an interface between two immiscible electrolytic solutions. Laws for the dependence of contact angle on electrode potential are presented. Ionic impermeability of the liquid-liquid interface and nonlinear double-layer responses rationalize observed phenomena such as contact-angle saturation and droplet contraction or detachment. The theoretical results can be applied to design new, precisely controllable microfluidic devices.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.136102 | DOI Listing |
Sci Adv
November 2024
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
To date, the understanding of various modes of CO mass transport remains incomplete, impeding the transfer of catalysts identified in the more accessible electrochemical batch cells to high-performance flow cells. In this work, we demonstrate that the meniscus region formed between the electrode and the convex liquid level due to the electrowetting of the catalyst plays a vital role in the CORR in batch cells. CORR in the meniscus region in batch cells exhibits similar performance with that in flow cells, and the performance disparity between these two configurations largely disappears when conducting CORR primarily in the meniscus region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale Adv
August 2024
Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK.
The wetting properties of carbon surfaces are important for a number of applications, including in electrochemistry. An under-studied area is the electrowetting properties of carbon materials, namely the sensitivity of wetting to an applied potential. In this work we explore the electrowetting behaviour of glassy carbon substrates and compare and contrast the observed response with our previous work using highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemosphere
August 2024
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-Media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. Electronic address:
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) based on natural air diffusion electrode (NADE) promise efficient and affordable advanced oxidation water purification, but the sustainable operation of such reaction systems remains challenging due to severe cathode electrowetting. Herein, a novel floating cathode (FC) composed of a stable hydrophobic three-phase interface was established by designing a flexible catalytic layer of FC. This innovative electrode configuration could effectively prolong the service life of the cathode by mitigating the interference of H bubbles from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the HO production rate reached 37.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemosphere
August 2024
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China. Electronic address:
Hydrogen peroxide (HO) synthesis by electrochemical two-electron oxygen reduction has garnered increasing interest as a wide range of potential applications. Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) can effectively promote the HO production efficiency by overcoming the oxygen mass transfer limitations but strongly influenced by the electrowetting process along the long-term operation. In this study, the effect of trans-electrode pressure (TEP) of GDE cathode on the electrowetting process was further elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
June 2024
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) are extensively used for high current density electrochemical CO electrolysis (ECOR), enabled by significantly reducing mass transfer resistance of CO to the catalyst layer. Conventionally, these GDEs are based upon hydrophobic carbon-based gas-diffusion layers (GDLs) that facilitate the gas transport; however, these supports are prone to flood with electrolyte during electrolysis. This potential-induced flooding, known as electrowetting, is related to the inherent conductivity of carbon and limits the activity of ECOR.
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