There is growing evidence that compounds of plant origin have the ability to prevent cancer. Populations with greater reliance on fruits and vegetables in the diet experience a reduced risk for the major cancers. Research has focused on specific micronutrients and nonnutrient compounds that may have health benefits. The term phytochemical means any compound of plant origin. This review focuses on the cancer-preventive aspects of phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action. The term phytomedicine applies to the health-maintaining aspects of these compounds and their implications for raising the standard of public health.
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Efficacy of myo-inositol and zinc on insulin resistance in a paediatric population with obesity.
Diabetes Obes Metab
January 2025
Unit of Pediatrics Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Aim: To assess the efficacy of the combined administration of myo-inositol and zinc, a mineral involved in the insulin pathway, in paediatric obesity with insulin resistance on HOMA-IR, glucose-insulin metabolism, and lipid profile.
Materials And Methods: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study conducted in North Italy. Fifty-six patients (10-18 years, Tanner stage ≥3) with obesity and insulin resistance were randomized to myo-inositol (2000 mg), zinc gluconate (5 mg), and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from plant-based origin (1000 mg) (TRT) or placebo (PLC) containing only GOS from plant-based origin (1000 mg).
In this study, we performed a comparative analysis based on a total of 255 spider mitogenomes and four outgroups, of which the mitogenomes of 39 species were assembled de novo, to explore the phylogenetic relationships and the adaptive evolution of mitogenomes. Results showed that had the longest mitochondrial length and the most pronounced codon preference to be UUA, followed by CCU. Codon usage frequencies were similar between families and codon usage in the mitogenome of spiders was mainly influenced by natural selection pressures rather than G/C mutation bias.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRapid diversification of St-genome-sharing species in wheat grasses (Triticeae: Poaceae) accompanied by diversifying selection of chloroplast genes.
BMC Plant Biol
January 2025
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
Background: The St-genome-sharing taxa are highly complex group of the species with the St nuclear genome and monophyletic origin in maternal lineages within the Triticeae, which contains more than half of polyploid species that distributed in a wide range of ecological habitats. While high level of genetic heterogeneity in plastome DNA due to a reticulate evolutionary event has been considered to link with the richness of the St-genome-sharing taxa, the relationship between the dynamics of diversification and molecular evolution is lack of understanding.
Results: Here, integrating 106 previously and 12 newly sequenced plastomes representing almost all previously recognized genomic types and genus of the Triticeae, this study applies phylogenetic reconstruction methods in combination with lineage diversification analyses, estimate of sequence evolution, and gene expression to investigate the dynamics of diversification in the tribe.
The trans-european catchment area of common noctule bats killed by wind turbines in France.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Wind turbines used to combat climate change pose a green-green dilemma when endangered and protected wildlife species are killed by collisions with rotating blades. Here, we investigated the geographic origin of bats killed by wind turbines along an east-west transect in France to determine the spatial extent of this conflict in Western Europe. We analysed stable hydrogen isotopes in the fur keratin of 60 common noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) killed by wind turbines during summer migration in four regions of France to predict their geographic origin using models based on precipitation isoscapes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPre-breeding in alfalfa germplasm develops highly differentiated populations, as revealed by genome-wide microhaplotype markers.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Plant genebanks contain large numbers of germplasm accessions that likely harbor useful alleles or genes absent in commercial plant breeding programs. Broadening the genetic base of commercial alfalfa germplasm with these valuable genetic variations can be achieved by screening the extensive genetic diversity in germplasm collections and enabling maximal recombination among selected genotypes. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity and differentiation of germplasm pools selected in northern U.
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