Systemic fungal infections in neutropenic patients remain a clinical problem that is associated with morbidity and mortality. Continuing efforts are being made to develop improved (i.e., more effective or safe) drugs, and several new treatments have recently become available. These have increased the therapeutic options available to clinicians to address the problem of systemic fungal infections. Therapeutic choices are difficult when taking into account aspects of efficacy, safety and costs that are associated with the available alternatives. This review summarises the present status of health economic knowledge of the standard therapies that have been available for many years, and also reports on the most recent health economic evidence available for the newly developed treatment alternatives.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.7.14.1931 | DOI Listing |
Nat Genet
January 2025
Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
Aberrant immune responses to viral pathogens contribute to pathogenesis, but our understanding of pathological immune responses caused by viruses within the human virome, especially at a population scale, remains limited. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing datasets of 6,321 Japanese individuals, including patients with autoimmune diseases (psoriasis vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) or multiple sclerosis) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), or healthy controls. We systematically quantified two constituents of the blood DNA virome, endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and anellovirus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Background: Thalassemia is a hereditary disease with impaired red blood cell production, resulting in cumulative systemic iron burden. The life-long therapeutic blood transfusion with or without iron chelators in those patients leads to the development of early-onset neurocognitive decline. However, the effects of regularity of blood transfusion on the severity of iron burden, cognitive decline, and gut dysbiosis in thalassemia patients are still unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Background: In Alzheimer's disease (AD), changes in intestinal microbiota and systemic inflammation are concomitant with neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. This has led to the theory of microbial communities or infections as being causative in the development of neuroinflammation and immunosenescence seen in AD. Our research has demonstrated a decreased taxonomic diversity and an increased abundance of pathobionts in the gut of AD patients (Haran, mBio 2019), which is sufficient to promote amyloid and tau deposition in a mouse model (Chen, Gut 2023).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Background: Studies using Alzheimer's disease (AD) models suggest that gut bacteria contribute to amyloid pathology and systemic inflammation. Further, gut-derived metabolites serve critical roles in regulating cholesterol, blood-brain barrier permeability, neuroinflammation, and circadian rhythms. Recent studies from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative have shown that serum-based gut-derived metabolites are associated with AD biomarkers and cognitive impairment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Sichuan, China.
This study aims to explore the pathogenic potential of as a rare pathogen in immunocompetent individuals and to analyze how mental health status may influence susceptibility to infection. We report a case of bacteremia in a 31-year-old immunocompetent female who developed infection during an episode of severe depression. Although the patient exhibited self-harm tendencies, a thorough physical examination did not reveal any external wounds or signs of injury.
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