Defensive pessimists (DPs) are considered to be adaptive pessimists because of their high performances, but the well-being of DPs have not been sufficiently studied. Some studies suggested that DPs have lower well-being than optimists, but it is not clear whether their level of well-being is as low as to be considered maladaptive. In this study, well-being was distinguished between psychological well-being including self-improvement, and subjective well-being as in the traditional notion of well-being, and compared well-being among DPs, strategic optimists (SOs) and depressed persons (DEPs) in a sample of 303 college students (F=160, M=143). Results indicated no significant differences in the level of psychological well-being among DPs and SOs, and both of these groups scored higher than DEPs. DPs also scored higher than DEPs in subjective well-being and no differences were found in satisfaction in life between DPs and SOs. Thus, this study concluded that the well-being of DPs were high in some regards and were not maladaptive.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.77.141 | DOI Listing |
JMIR Form Res
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Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit for South-East Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
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Micromachines (Basel)
November 2024
School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
This study explores the effects of different passivation gases on the properties of polymers formed on aluminum (Al) sidewalls during the etching process in Al-based interconnect structures. The research compares the use of nitrogen (N) and ethylene diluted with helium (CH/He) as passivation gases, focusing on the resulting polymer's composition, thickness, and strength, as well as the levels of residual chlorine post-etch. The findings reveal that using CH leads to the formation of a thinner, weaker polymer with lower chlorine residue compared to the thicker, stronger polymer formed with N.
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National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Med
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BioNTech US, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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