In this in vivo study, we measured local temperature changes in rabbit pinnae, which were evoked by radiofrequency (RF) exposure for 20 min at localized SAR levels of 0 (sham exposure), 2.3, 10.0, and 34.3 W/kg over 1.0 g rabbit ear tissue. The effects of RF exposures on skin temperature were measured under normal blood flow and without blood flow in the ear. The results showed: (1) physiological blood flow clearly modified RF induced thermal elevation in the pinna as blood flow significantly suppressed temperature increases even at 34.3 W/kg; (2) under normal blood flow conditions, exposures at 2.3 and 10.0 W/kg, approximating existing safety limits for the general public (2 W/kg) and occupational exposure (10 W/kg), did not induce significant temperature rises in the rabbit ear. However, 2.3 W/kg induced local skin temperature elevation under no blood flow conditions. Our results demonstrate that the physiological effects of blood flow should be considered when extrapolating modeling data to living animals, and particular caution is needed when interpreting the results of modeling studies that do not include blood flow.
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