Phagocytic leukocytes generate reactive oxygen species important for the killing of invading microorganisms. The source of these oxidants is the NADPH oxidase, a tightly controlled multicomponent enzyme made up of a membrane-associated catalytic moiety and cytosolic regulatory components that must assemble to form the active oxidase. The phagocyte NADPH oxidase was the first mammalian system shown to be directly regulated by a Rac GTPase. We review here our understanding of NADPH oxidase regulation by Rac, as well as the regulation of Rac itself, in phagocytic leukocytes. Rather than viewing Rac as a "cog" in the NADPH oxidase machinery, we argue for a view of Rac GTPases as critical "molecular switches" regulating the formation of ROS by phagocytic leukocytes under physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ars.2006.8.1533 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
DUOX1 inhibits the progression of rheumatoid arthritis by regulating the NF-κB pathway in vitro.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)
March 2025
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu,Anhui,241000, China;
Background: This study investigates the role of dual oxidase 2 (DUOX1) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to elucidate its potential mechanism of action.
Method: The anti-inflammatory effects of DUOX1 were assessed using IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta)-stimulated synovial fibroblasts (MH7A). Cell viability and migration were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays, respectively.
p-Coumaric acid alleviates neuronal damage in ischemic stroke mice by promoting BACH1 nuclear export and degradation.
Acta Pharmacol Sin
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
Oxidative damage induced by glutamate triggers neuronal death in cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury. BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) is a major link between the cellular heme level, the redox state and the transcriptional response. p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a natural antioxidant that has been shown to ameliorate ischemic/reperfusion injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNADPH oxidase activator 1 (NOXA1) suppresses ferroptosis and radiosensitization in colorectal cancer.
Int J Med Sci
March 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC), but due to the intrinsic resistance of cells or resistance caused by long-term radiotherapy, the effectiveness of this treatment is limited for some CRC patients. Consequently, identifying novel sensitization strategies is essential. This study identifies as a marker linked to radiotherapy resistance in CRC, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker for patients with CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRemote Ischemic Preconditioning Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ferroptosis of Tubular Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting NOX4-ROS Signaling in Acute Kidney Injury.
Int J Biol Sci
March 2025
Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a worldwide clinical burden associated with high morbidity and mortality. Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC), a brief nonlethal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in remote tissues or limbs, has been used in an attempt to protect against AKI, but its underlying signaling pathways has not been elucidated. In the present study, rIPC protected kidney function and pathological injury and mitigated NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) upregulation in different AKI models (cisplatin, LPS and IRI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNADPH oxidase subunit p22: A marker of oxidase-dependent oxidative stress and target for stress suppression in nonphagocytic cells.
J Immunol Methods
March 2025
Department of Natural Sciences, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing NADPH oxidase (Nox) family proteins are involved in host defense. The overproduction of ROS leads to oxidative stress, which is associated with a myriad of diseases. The Nox subunit p22 is essential for Nox1-4 activity, and p22 and Nox2 proteins are mutually stabilized in phagocytic cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!