Impaired microcirculation with evolving sludge phenomenon and thrombosis underlie placental changes in maternal thyroid disease. Capillary blood circulatory defect is largely due to villous immaturity. Placental tissue ischemia gives rise to fibrinoid, sclerosis, and alternative processes. Dysadaptive changes are mostly observed in thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. Adaptive processes evolving at the ultrastructural level are best pronounced in euthyroid goiter.
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