Prosthetic replacement of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava for leiomyosarcoma.

Hypothesis: Resection of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava associated with prosthetic graft replacement for caval leiomyosarcoma is an acceptable procedure to obtain prolonged and good-quality survival.

Design: A consecutive sample clinical study with a mean follow-up of 40 months.

Setting: The surgical department of an academic tertiary center and an affiliated secondary care center.

Patients: Eleven patients, with a mean age of 51 years, who have primary leiomyosarcoma of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava.

Interventions: All of the patients underwent radical resection of the tumor en bloc with the affected segment of the vena cava. Reconstruction consisted of 10 cavocaval polytetrafluoroethylene grafts and 1 cavobiliac graft. An associated right nephrectomy was performed in 2 cases. The left renal vein was reimplanted in the graft in 3 cases.

Main Outcome Measures: Cumulative disease-specific survival, disease-free survival, and graft patency rates expressed by standard life-table analysis.

Results: No patients died in the postoperative period. The cumulative (SE) disease-specific survival rate was 53% (21%) at 5 years. The cumulative (SE) disease-free survival rate was 44% (19%) at 5 years. The cumulative (SE) graft patency rate was 67% (22%) at 5 years.

Conclusion: Radical resection followed by prosthetic graft reconstruction is a valuable method for treating primary leiomyosarcoma of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava.