Endobronchial tuberculosis is rare in children, in whom it is usually a complication of primary tuberculosis. Endobronchial involvement may adopt several forms, with granuloma being infrequent. Here we report on 10 cases of endobronchial tuberculous granuloma diagnosed and treated in our Paediatric Surgery Service between 1991 and 2004. In 2 cases the presentation was acute and constituted the first manifestation of TB; the remaining patients were undergoing treatment or had been treated for primary TB, and presented with clinical symptoms or radiological signs that led us to suspect endobronchial involvement. In all cases the granuloma was removed by bronchoscopy. Patients received conventional medical TB treatment, with corticoids for 4 weeks following granuloma removal. The clinical course was favourable in all cases and on follow-up we saw no complications. Endobronchial tuberculous granuloma should be borne in mind in children with symptoms or signs of airway obstruction and especially during the course of tuberculosis treatment.
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Article Synopsis
- Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare lung infection caused by the bacterium Actinomyces and is often misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis or lung cancer due to its uncommon pulmonary presence.
- Endobronchial actinomycosis, where the infection occurs in the bronchial tubes, is very rare, and there have been instances of broncholithiasis (calcium stones in the bronchial tubes) linked to it.
- A case study of a 50-year-old male presenting with cough and hemoptysis (coughing up blood) revealed he had endobronchial actinomycosis with broncholithiasis, confirmed through a transbronchial biopsy.
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