Immunocytochemistry has emerged as a powerful research tool in neurobiology. One of the widely used methods is an indirect fluorescence technique that uses FITC- conjugated IgG to visualise protein expression within tissues, but a major drawback of this technique is the high background fluorescence due to non-specific antibody binding. Gut innervation is complex and best visualized in three-dimensions in whole mount preparations. We describe a simple and easy to use counterstaining procedure in conjunction with an indirect immunofluorescence technique in gut whole mount preparations that largely eliminates background fluorescence and creates a contrasting background against the bright antigen-antibody complexes. Furthermore, this technique allows the detailed qualitative and quantitative study of myenteric plexuses in whole-mount preparations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-006-0120-x | DOI Listing |
STAR Protoc
December 2024
Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; GIMM - Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicina, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address:
The vascular repair, a pivotal element of the spinal cord (SC) injury response, has been notably neglected in zebrafish research. Here, we detail the extraction and dissection of whole-mount zebrafish SCs and the optimized whole-mount immunofluorescence staining and clearing protocols for the visualization of SC structures, such as the vascular network. Additional downstream applications of these samples, from gelatin embedding to cryosectioning and tissue staining, can be done after clearing reversion and are also described in this work.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSTAR Protoc
December 2024
Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK. Electronic address:
The developing vasculature of the post-natal mouse retina is a powerful model to discover mechanisms of vessel formation and to test modulators of neovascularization. We present a protocol for single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) in whole-mount mouse retinas enabling the detection of individual mRNAs in vascular endothelial cells. We describe procedures from initial retina preparation to smFISH and detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vasc Res
November 2024
Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Introduction: Visualization of the intact microvascular network in skeletal muscle requires labeling the entire network in whole mount preparations where muscle fibre length can be set to near optimal but the tools to do this are not clear.
Methods: We intravascularly injected CD-1 mice with different fluorescently labelled lectins (fluorescent isolectin GS-IB4 [ISO], wheat germ agglutinin [WGA], lycopersicon esculentum [LYCO]) or FITC-labelled gel. Soleus, extensor digitorum longus, diaphragm, gluteus maximus and cremaster muscles were excised, pinned at optimal sarcomere length and viewed using fluorescence microscopy.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
January 2025
Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CUIB), Universidad de Colima, Colima, México.
The cafeteria diet (CAF) is a superior diet model in animal experiments compared with the conventional high-fat diet (HFD), effectively inducing obesity, metabolic disturbances, and multi-organ damage. Nevertheless, its impact on gut microbiota composition during the progression of obesity, along with its repercussions on the enteric nervous system (ENS) and gastrointestinal motility has not been completely elucidated. To gain more insight into the effects of CAF diet in the gut, C57BL/6 mice were fed with CAF or a standard diet for 2 or 8 wk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReprod Toxicol
December 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address:
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