A theoretical approach that combines classical mechanics for treating translational and rotational degrees of freedom and quantum mechanics for describing the excitation of internal molecular modes is applied to the scattering of diatomic molecules from metal surfaces. Calculations are carried out for determining the extent of energy transfer to the rotational degrees of freedom of the projectile molecule. For the case of observed spectra of intensity versus final rotational energy, quantitative agreement with available experimental data for the scattering of NO and N(2) from close packed metal surfaces is obtained. It is shown that such measurements can be used to determine the average rotational energy of the incident molecular beam. Measurements of the exchange of energy between translational and rotational degrees of freedom upon collision are also described by calculations for these same systems.
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