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Update on HIV Chemoprevention.

Annu Rev Med

January 2025

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Clinical AIDS Research and Education (CARE) Center, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; email:

Despite rapid advances in the field of HIV prevention and treatment, unacceptably high global HIV incidence rates highlight the ongoing need for effective HIV prevention interventions for populations at risk for HIV acquisition. This article provides an updated review of the current data surrounding HIV prevention strategies, including treatment as prevention (TasP), preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), as well as advances in sexually transmitted infection biomedical prevention. This review provides an overview of the multiple PrEP modalities that are available globally, such as oral PrEP, injectable cabotegravir, and the dapivirine vaginal ring, and describes their respective clinical trials, efficacies, and regulatory approvals.

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Raquel González and colleagues discuss the drugs available to HIV-exposed children to prevent malaria infection and the urgent need to evaluate alternative agents.

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Background: Postoperative intracranial neurosurgical infections (PINI) complicate < 5% neurosurgeries. Scarce attention was dedicated to the extension and characteristics of its antimicrobial management considering their high morbidity, not negligible mortality, delayed hospital stay and increased healthcare costs.

Methods: We analyzed retrospectively (2014-2023) 162 PINI from eight Spanish third-level academic hospitals.

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Introduction: Malaria molecular surveillance has the potential to generate information on biological threats that compromise the effectiveness of antimalarial interventions. This study aims to streamline surveillance activities to inform the new strategic plan of the Mozambican National Malaria Control Programme (2023-2030) for malaria control and elimination.

Methods And Analyses: This prospective genomic surveillance study aims to generate genetic data to monitor diagnostic failures due to deletions and molecular markers of antimalarial drug resistance, to characterise transmission sources and to inform the implementation of new antimalarial approaches to be introduced in Mozambique (chemoprevention and child malaria vaccination).

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Perioperative antibiotic practices amongst otorhinolaryngologists (ear, nose and throat surgeons) in South Africa.

S Afr J Surg

October 2024

Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: The primary goal of perioperative antibiotics is to reduce the rate of surgical site infections (SSI); however, in certain surgical procedures, the use of perioperative antibiotics has been shown to have no impact on the rate of SSI. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials increases cost, potential side effects and further promotes antibiotic resistance. This study aims to provide insight into the adherence of South African otorhinolaryngologists to available evidence-based international guidelines.

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