This chapter describes an accurate, scalable, and flexible microarray technology. It includes a miniaturized array platform where each individual feature is quality controlled and a versatile assay that can be adapted for various genetic analyses, such as single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, DNA methylation detection, and gene expression profiling. This chapter describes the concept of the BeadArray technology, two different Array of Arrays formats, the assay scheme and protocol, the performance of the system, and its use in large-scale genetic, epigenetic, and expression studies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(06)10003-8 | DOI Listing |
Learn Health Syst
January 2025
Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA.
Introduction: The rapid adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems has resulted in extensive archives of data relevant to clinical research, hospital operations, and the development of learning health systems. However, EHR data are not frequently available, cleaned, standardized, validated, and ready for use by stakeholders. We describe an in-progress effort to overcome these challenges with cooperative, systematic data extraction and validation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
January 2025
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Aging adversely affects the self-renewal and differentiation capabilities of stem cells, which impairs tissue regeneration as well as the homeostasis. Epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation, play a key role in the maintenance of pluripotency in stem cells and regulation of pluripotency-related gene expression. Age-related modifications in methylation patterns could influence the expression of genes critical for stem cell potency maintenance, including transcription factors Nanog and Sox2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
January 2025
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
In this chapter, we provide a method for silencing target genes in epidermal cells via RNA interference. Specifically, we describe a protocol for transfection-mediated delivery of small interfering RNA oligonucleotides (siRNA). Functional assays are indispensable to characterize the biological consequences of gene knockdowns, and we also provide a method to analyze alterations in cell adhesion properties, consequent to knockdown of genes involved in this process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Exp Med Biol
January 2025
Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Hormones control normal breast development and function. They also impinge on breast cancer (BC) development and disease progression in direct and indirect ways. The major ovarian hormones, estrogens and progesterone, have long been established as key regulators of mammary gland development in rodents and linked to human disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Exp Med Biol
January 2025
Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer (LSCC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
This chapter focuses on the mechanisms of regulation of cell fate in breast development, occurring mainly after birth, as well as in breast cancer. First, we will review how the microenvironment of the breast, as well as external cues, plays a crucial role in mammary gland cell specification and will describe how it has been shown to reprogram non-mammary cells into mammary epithelial cells. Then we will focus on the transcription factors and master regulators which have been established to be determinant for basal (BC) and luminal cell (LC) identity, and will describe the experiments of ectopic expression or loss of function of these transcription factors which demonstrated that they were crucial for cell fate.
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