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Neoplastic meningitis, also known as leptomeningeal metastases, is a rare clinical entity seen in less than 1%-2% of primary nervous system tumors. Diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases is difficult and is achieved by cytologic evidence of malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid, or demonstration of radiologic abnormality. 18F-FDG PET/CT can detect leptomeningeal metastases before anatomical changes.

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Identification of high-risk oral leukoplakia (OLK) using combined Raman spectroscopic analysis of brush biopsy and saliva samples: A proof of concept study.

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc

January 2025

Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland; School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland.

The gold standard method of diagnosis of oral leukoplakia (OLK) is a tissue biopsy followed by histological examination. Raman spectroscopic studies of cytological brush biopsy and saliva samples have previously been shown to differentiate low (no and mild dysplasia) and high risk (moderate and severe dysplasia) OLKs, discriminant models of cellular samples achieving higher specificity, whereas those based on saliva samples achieved higher sensitivity. The current study combines the spectral data sets of cell and saliva samples in an attempt to improve the overall efficiency of the discriminating models.

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Lessons Learned: Intravenous paricalcitol did not improve the efficacy of pembrolizumab, likely related to the short half-life.

Background: Immunotherapy has limited benefit in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer with the tumor microenvironment playing a key role in immune resistance. In preclinical studies, vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists have been shown to sensitize pancreatic tumors to PD-1 blockade.

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There has been remarkable growth in our understanding of the biologic behavior and molecular signature of thyroid malignancies, which has led to the introduction, application, and evolution of molecular testing of thyroid nodule FNA cytology. Next-generation sequencing molecular testing is an important, well-validated diagnostic tool for management of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. It reduces unnecessary thyroid surgery for benign disease, avoiding associated surgical risks for the patient and reducing healthcare expenses.

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Unveiling an ancient whole-genome duplication event in Stentor, the model unicellular eukaryotes.

Sci China Life Sci

January 2025

Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.

Whole-genome duplication (WGD) events are widespread across eukaryotes and have played a significant role in moulding the genetic architectures of diverse organisms. In the present study, the newly sequenced genome of a giant ciliated protist, Stentor roeselii, provides an opportunity for the analysis of the collinearity and retention of reciprocal best-hit genes between two Stentor species. As a main result, we have unveiled a previously undetected ancient WGD event shaping the genome of its congener, Stentor coeruleus, a model protist used in cytological and evolutionary studies.

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