Substance P-like immunoreactivity was visualized by immunohistochemical methods in 20 postmortem brains: 6 senile, 4 presenile Alzheimer dementia (AD), 3 AD with interhemispheric asymmetric cortical atrophy, and 7 control cases. For all pathological cases, the SP-like immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in the neocortical areas and in the hippocampus. This contrasted with an enhanced SP-like immunoreactivity in the pallidum and the substantia nigra in AD brains and a more pronounced SP-like immunoreactivity in the more atrophic side in the asymmetrically atrophied brains.
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Mass spectrometric studies on the peptide integrity of substance P and related human tachykinins in human biofluids.
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Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, Dusseldorf, 40225, Germany. Electronic address:
The neurokinin-1 receptor plays a profound role in inflammatory processes and is involved in immune cell differentiation, cytokine release, and mast cell activation. Due to their similar peptide structures, the neurokinin-1 receptor does not discriminate between the endogenous ligands substance P (SP) and human hemokinin-1 (hHK-1), which both demonstrate biological receptor affinity. In addition, due to cross-reactivity, the current bioanalytical method of choice-immunoassays-also displays limitations in differentiating between these peptides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study explores the involvement of substance P (SP) in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA) in the nociception-emotion link and of rats with masticatory myofascial pain (MMP) induced by chronic tetanic eccentric muscle contraction. A total of 18 rats were randomly and equally assigned for MMP (MMP group) and sham-MMP induction (sMMP group). MMP was induced by electrical-stimulated repetitive tetanic eccentric contraction of the masseter muscle for 14 consecutive days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChanges in the Neurochemical Characterization of Enteric Neurons in the Porcine Duodenum After Administration of Low-Dose Salmonella Enteritidis Lipopolysaccharides.
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Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also known as lipoglycans or endotoxins, form part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Previous studies have described the various harmful impacts of LPS on humans and animals. Nevertheless, many aspects of these effects are still not fully explained.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization of Perivascular Nerve Distribution in Rat Mesenteric Small Arteries.
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Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the distribution of perivascular nerves in different branches of rat mesenteric arteries, focusing on their immunohistochemical properties.
- Findings indicated that the 2nd and 3rd branches had higher densities of various nerve types (NPY, TH, CGRP, SP) compared to the 1st branch, with a noted negative correlation between nerve density and arterial diameter, except for TH nerves.
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Inhibitors of endopeptidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme lead to an amplification of the morphological changes and an upregulation of the substance P system in a muscle overuse model.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord
April 2014
Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Background: We have previously observed, in studies on an experimental overuse model, that the tachykinin system may be involved in the processes of muscle inflammation (myositis) and other muscle tissue alterations. To further evaluate the significance of tachykinins in these processes, we have used inhibitors of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), substances which are known to terminate the activity of various endogenously produced substances, including tachykinins.
Methods: Injections of inhibitors of NEP and ACE, as well as the tachykinin substance P (SP), were given locally outside the tendon of the triceps surae muscle of rabbits subjected to marked overuse of this muscle.
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