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Maternal stress and sex ratio at birth in Sweden over two and a half centuries: a retest of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis.
Hum Reprod
September 2021
Nuffield College and Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Study Question: Is there a negative relationship, as predicted in the Trivers-Willard hypothesis (TWH), between the intensity of maternal stress and sex ratio at birth (SRB)?
Summary Answer: Using a comprehensive data set with multiple indicators of maternal stress, most measures of stress show no statistically significant association with SRB over a period spanning 243 years, indicating no support for the TWH.
What Is Known Already: Evolutionary biologists have proposed a widely discussed hypothesis that women in poor and stressful conditions during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to girls, and exposure to stressful events may therefore lead to a reduction in sex (male-to-female) ratio at birth. The empirical evidence so far is mixed.
Venoms and Poisonings during the Centuries: A Narrative Review.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets
July 2022
CEDICLO-Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
The first traces of man's of poison use date back to ten thousand years ago since the last period of the Paleolithic era. Man used poison for hunting and defense. Indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, arrows made from the bones of animals characterized by particular grooves were found in some caves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe history and illustration of anatomy in the Middle Ages.
J Med Biogr
November 2013
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA.
This article reviews the influence of key figures on the pictorial representation of anatomy and the evolution of anatomical illustration during the Middle Ages until the time of the Renaissance, based on medical history books, journals and ancient medical books. During the early period in the Middle Ages, most illustrations were traditional drawings of emblematic nature, oftentimes unrealistic, not only because the precise knowledge of anatomy was lacking but also because the objective was to elucidate certain principles for teaching purposes. Five figure-series that came down to us through ancient manuscripts and textbooks represent the best examples of such traditional illustrations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the year 1402 one of the first German universities was founded by bishop Johann von Egloffstein, but it had last in its full composition for only a few decades. Nevertheless, the 600th anniversary has a great importance, because in the 16th century, during the second foundation, there was an adequate tradition of university in Würzburg to lean on and go back to.Although, in a medical-history view, in 1402 this university had been without a greater importance, the medicine in Würzburg in the Middle Ages and the Early modern Times had been on a high level, what is shown by representatives like Ortolf von Baierland (13th century) and Berthold Blumentrost (14th century) or by documents like the 'Würzburger Wundarznei' at the end of the 15th century and the 'Nüttzlicher Bericht' by Walther Hermann Ryff, printed 1548 in Würzburg, as one of the first dental mongraphies.
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