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Common inheritance of chromosome Ia associated with clonal expansion of Toxoplasma gondii. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread protozoan parasite affecting warm-blooded animals and humans, characterized by three dominant clonal lineages (Types I, II, and III) in North America and Europe, which originated about 10,000 years ago.
  • Unlike other organisms, T. gondii primarily reproduces asexually through intermediate hosts, enabling rapid spread and genetic uniformity among these clonal lineages.
  • Research indicates that chromosome Ia is monomorphic across these lineages, suggesting that a specific combination of alleles on this chromosome contributes significantly to the evolutionary success and distribution of T. gondii.

Article Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a globally distributed protozoan parasite that can infect virtually all warm-blooded animals and humans. Despite the existence of a sexual phase in the life cycle, T. gondii has an unusual population structure dominated by three clonal lineages that predominate in North America and Europe, (Types I, II, and III). These lineages were founded by common ancestors approximately10,000 yr ago. The recent origin and widespread distribution of the clonal lineages is attributed to the circumvention of the sexual cycle by a new mode of transmission-asexual transmission between intermediate hosts. Asexual transmission appears to be multigenic and although the specific genes mediating this trait are unknown, it is predicted that all members of the clonal lineages should share the same alleles. Genetic mapping studies suggested that chromosome Ia was unusually monomorphic compared with the rest of the genome. To investigate this further, we sequenced chromosome Ia and chromosome Ib in the Type I strain, RH, and the Type II strain, ME49. Comparative genome analyses of the two chromosomal sequences revealed that the same copy of chromosome Ia was inherited in each lineage, whereas chromosome Ib maintained the same high frequency of between-strain polymorphism as the rest of the genome. Sampling of chromosome Ia sequence in seven additional representative strains from the three clonal lineages supports a monomorphic inheritance, which is unique within the genome. Taken together, our observations implicate a specific combination of alleles on chromosome Ia in the recent origin and widespread success of the clonal lineages of T. gondii.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1557770PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.5318106DOI Listing

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