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Defective proviruses significantly impact viral transcription and immune activation in men and women with HIV-1 subtype C in rural South Africa.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Introduction: The main obstacle to achieving an HIV-1 cure is the proviral reservoir. To promote equity in HIV cure strategies, it is crucial to study the viral reservoir of the predominant HIV-1 subtype C in both women and men. Therefore, we investigated the dynamics of the (intact) viral reservoir in relation to plasma viral load (VL), CD4 T cell count, and immune activation before and during 96 weeks of successful antiretroviral therapy (ART).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetic Characteristics of the Env Regions in HIV-1-Infected Subjects in Baoding City, Hebei Province, China.
Curr HIV Res
December 2024
Clinical Laboratory of the People's Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on the envelope glycoprotein (Env) of HIV-1, which is essential for the virus's ability to infect host cells and is a key target for vaccines and therapies.
- Researchers analyzed the genetic characteristics of the Env gene in 145 newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Baoding City, successfully sequencing 142 samples and predicting coreceptor usage.
- Results indicated that 50% of the patients were infected with CCR5-tropic viruses, and specific subtypes showed trends in coreceptor preferences and similarities in the V3 loop's net charges, enhancing insights for vaccine and treatment development.
Exploring potential associations between the human microbiota and reservoir of latent HIV.
Retrovirology
November 2024
IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Background: The rapid establishment and persistence of latent HIV-1 reservoirs is one of the main obstacles towards an HIV cure. While antiretroviral therapy supresses viral replication, it does not eradicate the latent reservoir of HIV-1-infected cells. Recent evidence suggests that the human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, may have the potential to modulate the HIV-1 reservoir.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent Trends in HIV Infection in the Republic of Crimea.
Viruses
October 2024
Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After the Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
Article Synopsis
- * There was an increase in the coverage of HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy, with 81% of patients achieving a suppressed viral load by 2023.
- * Demographic analysis showed that most new HIV cases were among men, with fewer cases from injection drug use and an increase in heterosexual transmission; the median age of patients also rose, revealing significant differences in CD4 counts based on gender and infection route.
Involvement of Human Cellular Proteins and Structures in Realization of the HIV Life Cycle: A Comprehensive Review, 2024.
Viruses
October 2024
St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a global health challenge, with over 38 million people infected by the end of 2022. HIV-1, the predominant strain, primarily targets and depletes CD4+ T cells, leading to immunodeficiency and subsequent vulnerability to opportunistic infections. Despite the progress made in antiretroviral therapy (ART), drug resistance and treatment-related toxicity necessitate novel therapeutic strategies.
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