The effects and respective influence of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on cyclic AMP (cAMP) production in pituitary gonadotropes were analyzed using the LbetaT2 cell line. Both hormones induced cAMP with, however, different intensity and time course. In addition, the GnRH effect was markedly reduced by PKC inhibitors. Despite its positive coupling to cAMP pathway, GnRH counteracted PACAP induction of cAMP and this effect was mimicked by the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The data reveal major differences in the mechanisms by which PACAP and GnRH activate cAMP/PKA pathway in LbetaT2 cells and suggest that PKC activation serves GnRH not only to increase cAMP but also to counteract the PACAP stimulation of this signaling pathway.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1317.048 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Neurosci
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, Plock, Poland.
Chronic migraine (CM) is the ultimate and most burdensome form of the transformation from episodic migraine (EM), called chronification. The mechanism behind migraine chronification is poorly known and difficult to explore as CM has the same spectrum of pathogenesis as EM and the EM-CM transition is bidirectional. Central sensitization (CS) is a key phenomenon in migraine: its mechanisms include disturbed neural plasticity, which is the ability of the nervous system to adapt to endo- and exogenous changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Biol Ther
January 2025
University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Introduction: Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder with a complex neurobiology. It appears as a cyclic disorder of sensory processing, affecting multiple systems beyond nociception. Overlapping mechanisms, including dysfunctional processing of sensory input from brain structures are involved in the generation of attacks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Pharmacol
January 2025
Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Background And Purpose: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a human migraine trigger that is being targeted for migraine. The δ-opioid receptor (δ-receptor) is a novel target for the treatment of migraine, but its mechanism remains unclear. The goals of this study were to develop a mouse PACAP-headache model using clinically significant doses of PACAP; determine the effects of δ-receptor activation in this model; and investigate the co-expression of δ-receptors, PACAP and PACAP-PAC1 receptor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Urol
January 2025
Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
Purpose: This study aims to elucidate the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in Hunner-type Interstitial Cystitis (HIC) and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.
Methods: Bladder tissue samples were obtained from HIC patients and normal bladder tissue from bladder cancer patients. PACAP expression was assessed through immunohistochemistry.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Introduction: Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic and debilitating condition marked by bladder pain, urinary urgency, and frequency. The pathophysiology of IC/BPS remains poorly understood, with limited therapeutic options available. The role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor PAC1 in IC/BPS has not been thoroughly investigated, despite their potential involvement in inflammation and sensory dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!